Starting in 2020, with the start of the pandemic, many of us have become regular listeners of live streaming programmes on YouTube and websites. In our chat club, people often ask for information or suggestions for upcoming broadcasts, which is why the calendar aims to schedule, share and enjoy music every day. Now, it is time to present the statistical analysis of everything we have heard in 2022. It will be divided into two parts. The first corresponds to the description of the data and the second to the statistical relationship between them.
Methodology
The study period runs from May 19, 2022 (blog's creation date) to December 31, 2022. Information was collected from 974 programmes, from 84 YouTube channels, 26 websites and 2 social networks (Facebook and Vkontakte), of which 89 percent were live-broadcasts. It is worth to mention as well, that the programmes that were announced the same day they were broadcast have not been included, nor those that were broadcast without notice.
The information was classified into 9 categories:
- Date: It is repeated in each programme and is used as a control variable to avoid mistakes during the blog publishing process.
- Title of the Programme: It was created as an introduction measure, and to find the keywords used by the source.
- Title of the piece(s): It is the published content, in the original language or translated into English.
- Orchestra: Orchestras, choirs and groups.
- Conductor: Person who conducts an orchestra, choir or group.
- Soloist(s): It refers to the artists, identify the type of instrument or skills.
- Channel: It corresponds to the name of the Youtube channel.
- Link: It is the internet address.
- Type: Live, Streaming or Premiere.
Descriptive Statistical Analysis
Suppose that Clara Schumann got Herbert George Wells's machine, but for some unknown reason was transported to May 19, 2022, then we could wonder how, where and what music she would have listened to until December 31, 2022, among many others. However, let's start with the most basic data. Clara is motivated by listening to current orchestras, soloists and conductors. In addition, she can access the most powerful tool of the 21st century «The Internet», and with the information from this calendar, she would have been able to enjoy 974 broadcasts in 226 days (4 on average). The largest number of programs available occurred on October 1st (14) and November 12th (12).
Category: Title of the Programme
The creators (source) of the programmes have mainly used the words (in descending order): «concert», «live», «2022», «orchestra», «piano», «prom», «symphony», «festival», «conductor», «concerto», «broadcast»; and, also their proper names [figure 1] to headline or announce future broadcasts to the audience.
Figure 1. Word Cloud Category Title of the Programme
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| Data from https://myloveformusicschedule.blogspot.com/ database |
Creators use between 38 and 73 characters (mode) to structure titles. Some decide to use a base title and add the name of the soloist or group, as in the cases of Wigmore Hall or the Chopin Institute; titles that are easy to learn but whose information is minimal; the opposite cases are the long titles that include names of composers, works and soloists, as the halls of Филармония Шостаковича or Zaryadye Hall but that makes it difficult to identify the source of the programme. There are also extreme cases, whose titles consist of a word or two, as in some hr-Sinfonieorchester or San Francisco Symphony programmes.
Figure 2. Comparative Titles of the Programmes
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| Data from https://myloveformusicschedule.blogspot.com/ database |
Clara would have found in the titles of The Proms, [1] name of the creative source, [2] a numerical sequence and [3] content about upcoming broadcasts (composers, conductors, orchestras or soloists). Headlines introduce the main message of the programmes in just a few words.
Category: Title of the piece(s)
On average, 1 in 9 programmes does not have a content description, therefore, the works of 869 programmes were analyzed. The most used words were «Op.» –opus- (665 recurrence), «minor» (419), «major» (343), «concerto» (340), «symphony» (302) and «orchestra» (266) [Figure 3]. It should be noted that some programmes do not specify the work number or musical key, simply specify the name of the work. Take, for example, Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky -Symphony No. 6 in B minor, Op. 74 «Pathétique», which was performed by San Francisco Symphony (June 7), Wiener Philharmoniker (August 15), Porto Alegre Symphony Orchestra (October 1) and NDR Elbphilharmonie Orchester (November 4), all added specification «in B minor, Op. 74»; while it was also performed by the Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra (October 2) but settled for writing the number of the symphony and its name «Pathétique».
Figure 3. Word Cloud Category Title of the piece(s)
.webp "Figure 3. Word Cloud Category Title of the piece(s)") |
| Data from https://myloveformusicschedule.blogspot.com/ database |
The composer preferred by the orchestras was Ludwig van Beethoven, 97 programmes included at least one of his works, which represents 11 percent of the total [Table 1]. He was followed by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (82 programmes), and Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky (78 programmes); while the composers who were present in at least 9 programs were Georges Bizet, Béla Bartók, Carl Nielsen, Gabriel Fauré, Giacomo Puccini, György Ligeti and Niccolo Paganini .
Table 1. Most performed composters in 2022
| Composer | No. | % | Composer | No. | % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ludwig van Beethoven | 97 | 11.2% | Richard Wagner | 25 | 2.9% |
| Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart | 82 | 9.4% | Antonio Vivaldi | 23 | 2.6% |
| Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky | 78 | 9.0% | Edward Elgar | 22 | 2.5% |
| Fryderyk Chopin | 60 | 6.9% | George Frideric Handel | 21 | 2.4% |
| Maurice Ravel | 53 | 6.1% | Giuseppe Verdi | 21 | 2.4% |
| Sergei Rachmaninoff | 50 | 5.8% | Alexander Nikolayevich Scriabin | 18 | 2.1% |
| Dmitri Shostakovich | 47 | 5.4% | César Franck | 17 | 2.0% |
| Johann Sebastian Bach | 46 | 5.3% | Edvard Grieg | 17 | 2.0% |
| Johannes Brahms | 46 | 5.3% | Ralph Vaughan Williams | 17 | 2.0% |
| Gustav Mahler | 41 | 4.7% | Hector Berlioz | 16 | 1.8% |
| Antonín Dvořák | 40 | 4.6% | Benjamin Britten | 15 | 1.7% |
| Franz Schubert | 39 | 4.5% | Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov | 15 | 1.7% |
| Sergei Prokofiev | 39 | 4.5% | Astor Piazzolla | 14 | 1.6% |
| Richard Strauss | 37 | 4.3% | Heitor Villa-Lobos | 12 | 1.4% |
| Robert Schumann | 37 | 4.3% | Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky | 12 | 1.4% |
| Claude Debussy | 36 | 4.1% | Georges Bizet | 10 | 1.2% |
| Felix Mendelssohn | 32 | 3.7% | Béla Bartók | 9 | 1.0% |
| Joseph Haydn | 30 | 3.5% | Carl Nielsen | 9 | 1.0% |
| Jean Sibelius | 29 | 3.3% | Gabriel Fauré | 9 | 1.0% |
| Camille Saint-Saëns | 26 | 3.0% | Giacomo Puccini | 9 | 1.0% |
| Igor Stravinsky | 26 | 3.0% | György Ligeti | 9 | 1.0% |
| Franz Liszt | 25 | 2.9% | Niccolo Paganini | 9 | 1.0% |
Data from https://myloveformusicschedule.blogspot.com/ database
The work with the greatest number of repetitions was Symphony No. 9 in E minor, Op. 95 «From the New World» by Antonin Dvořák. This phenomenon could be considered a case study, [Figure 4] it would be very interesting to identify the elements that make a work a favorite of orchestras around the world, or even analyze it as a symbol or a tradition or if it has some relationship with the international situation, post-pandemic. The second and third symphonies preferred by the orchestras were Symphony No. 2 in C Minor «Resurrection» and Symphony No. 1 in D Major «Titan» by Gustav Mahler.
Figure 4. Most-Streamed works in 2022
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| Data from https://myloveformusicschedule.blogspot.com/ database кириллица |
Piano concertos predominate in those works accompanied by orchestra and the violin is the second preferred instrument for the programmes. The violoncello is one of the most beautiful instruments that exists, it can play the sweetest (or sour) tones, even listening to it without an orchestra represents a unique experience, perhaps inexplicable. It is a bit disappointing that for every cello concerto 4.6 piano and 2.1 violin concerto are performed.
Clara would have found that in 2022 her last name was not on the list of most performed works, instead, she would have noticed that the pianist Frédéric Chopin captivated the audience with his work Piano Concerto No. 2 in F Minor, Op. 21, performed at least 9 times [Figure 5]; she would also have noticed that the Violin Concerto in D major, op. 77 by Johannes Brahms was performed in 5 concert halls; and Antonin Dvořák's Cello Concerto B Minor Op.104 was repeated 7 times.
Figure 5. Most-Streamed works in 2022 (table)
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| Data from https://myloveformusicschedule.blogspot.com/ database |
Category: Orchestra
The list of the orchestras that made the most number of programs (live or recording) in 2022 is made up of those that have offered at least 3 programs to the audience. The San Francisco Symphony was in the lead, because it offers a recorded program every week at a fixed time [Table 2]. The second transmitting source was the Orquestra Sinfônica do Estado de São Paulo OSESP, it should be noted that all its broadcasts are live, as is the Orquestra Sinfônica de Porto Alegre.
Table 2. Orchestras, choirs and groups in 2022
| Orchestras, choirs and groups | N° | Orchestras, choirs and groups | N° |
|---|---|---|---|
| San Francisco Symphony | 33 | The Swedish Radio Choir | 6 |
| Orquestra Sinfônica do Estado de São Paulo OSESP | 24 | BBC Concert Orchestra | 5 |
| Orquestra Sinfônica de Porto Alegre | 20 | Rundfunk-Sinfonieorchester Berlin | 5 |
| Safonov Academic Symphony orchestra of the North Caucasus Philharmonic | 20 | RAI National Symphony Orchestra | 5 |
| Orchestre Philharmonique de Radio France | 17 | Swedish Radio Symphony Orchestra | 5 |
| hr-Sinfonieorchester | 13 | BBC Symphony Chorus | 5 |
| Orchestre National de France | 13 | Aurora Orchestra | 4 |
| BBC Symphony Orchestra | 12 | Berliner Philharmoniker | 4 |
| WDR Sinfonieorchester | 12 | George Enescu Philharmonic Orchestra | 4 |
| BRSO Symphonieorchester des Bayerischen Rundfunks | 10 | Helsinki Philharmonic Orchestra | 4 |
| Deutsche Radio Philharmonie Saarbrücken Kaiserslautern | 10 | Russian National Philharmonic Orchestra | 4 |
| SWR Symphonieorchester | 10 | Symphony Orchestra of the Moscow Regional Philharmonic "Instrumental Capella" | 4 |
| St. Petersburg Philharmonic Orchestra | 10 | Chœur De Radio France | 4 |
| National Symphony Orchestra of the Republic of Bashkortostan | 9 | Choir of the Moscow Conservatory | 4 |
| Detroit Symphony Orchestra | 8 | Chorus of the Teatro Massimo | 4 |
| Orquesta Filarmónica de Buenos Aires | 8 | NDR Vokalensemble | 4 |
| Orquesta Sinfónica de Yucatán | 8 | Bayerisches Staatsorchester | 3 |
| WDR Rundfunkchor | 8 | Bayerischer Staatsopernchor | 3 |
| Coro da Osesp | 8 | Hungarian National Philharmonic | 3 |
| St.Petersburg Symphony Orchestra | 8 | Kaleidoscope Chamber Collective | 3 |
| BBC Philharmonic | 7 | Mahler Chamber Orchestra | 3 |
| BBC Scottish Symphony Orchestra | 7 | Mariinsky Theatre Orchestra | 3 |
| NDR Elbphilharmonie Orchestra | 7 | National Symphony Orchestra of the Republic of Belarus | 3 |
| Russian National Youth Symphony Orchestra | 7 | Philadelphia Orchestra | 3 |
| Saratov Regional Philharmonic named after A. Schnittke | 7 | Quatuor Bozzini | 3 |
| Gangnam Symphony Orchestra | 6 | Royal Philharmonic Orchestra | 3 |
| Heliópolis Symphonic Orchestra | 6 | State Philharmonic of Kuzbass | 3 |
| Minas Gerais Philharmonic Orchestra | 6 | San Francisco Symphony Chorus | 3 |
| Novosibirsk Academic Symphony Orchestra | 6 | Warsaw Philharmonic Choir | 3 |
| Omsk Academic Symphony Orchestra | 6 | Coro Sinfônico da Orquestra Sinfônica de Porto Alegre | 3 |
| Orquesta Estable del Teatro | 6 | Maîtrise de Radio France | 3 |
| Royal Stockholm Philharmonic Orchestra | 6 | Rundfunkchor Berlin | 3 |
| WDR Funkhausorchester | 6 | - | - |
Data from https://myloveformusicschedule.blogspot.com/ database
The classification counted 51 orchestras, 11 choirs and 3 groups, which participated in 3 or more programmes. The orchestras listed in Table 2 brought together 40 percent of the total of 974 broadcasts. Some orchestras have their own YouTube channel or website, while others have only free digital broadcast spaces when they are invited to festivals or other concert venues such as the Berliner Philharmoniker.
Clara would have been able to enjoy great orchestras across the world, what would she have been her favorite? We will not be able to solve this question, but she surely would have fallen in love with someone.
Category: Conductor
The list is made up of the conductors who directed at least 3 programs on streaming platforms in 2022 [Table 3]. The conductors who have directed the most programs are Cristian Măcelaru, Dmitry Kryukov, Alain Altinoglu, Dimitris Botinis and Esa Pekka Salonen.
Table 3. Conductors with the largest number of directed programmes 2022
| Conductor | N° | Conductor | N° | Conductor | N° |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cristian Măcelaru | 15 | Vladimir Spivakov | 5 | Dalia Stasevska | 3 |
| Dmitry Kryukov | 12 | György Vashegyi | 4 | Franz Welser-Möst | 3 |
| Alain Altinoglu | 10 | Dima Slobodeniouk | 4 | Isaac Karabtchevsky | 3 |
| Dimitris Botinis | 10 | Jader Bignamini | 4 | Joana Mallwitz | 3 |
| Esa Pekka Salonen | 9 | Marin Alsop | 4 | Kirill Petrenko | 3 |
| Alan Gilbert | 7 | Nicholas Collon | 4 | Lahav Shani | 3 |
| Dmitry Vasiliev | 7 | Ryan Bancroft | 4 | Manfredo Schmiedt | 3 |
| Evandro Matté | 7 | Sofi Jeannin | 4 | Patrick Hahn | 3 |
| Pietari Inkinen | 7 | Viktor Lutsenko | 4 | Pavel Bubelnikov | 3 |
| Juan Carlos Lomónaco | 6 | Salvatore Punturo | 4 | Seojin | 3 |
| Michael Tilson Thomas | 6 | José Soares | 4 | Thierry Fischer | 3 |
| Nikolai Alekseev | 6 | François Xavier Roth | 4 | Václav Luks | 3 |
| Mikko Franck | 6 | Maxime Pascal | 3 | Vasily Shulga | 3 |
| Vladimir Jurowski | 5 | Alexander Rudin | 3 | Wagner Polistchuk | 3 |
| Daniel Harding | 5 | Anatoly Rybalko | 3 | Yannick Nézet Séguin | 3 |
| Klaus Mäkelä | 5 | Andris Poga | 3 | Artyom Makarov | 3 |
| Sakari Oramo | 5 | Andrzej Boreyko | 3 | Bartosz Michałowski | 3 |
| Valery Gergiev | 5 | Arif Dadashev | 3 | - | - |
| Vasily Petrenko | 5 | Artyom Makarov | 3 | - | - |
Data from https://myloveformusicschedule.blogspot.com/ database
Clara would have discovered that only a few women appear on the list of conductors; and perhaps she would have missed the participation of Riccardo Muti on October 20, who was scheduled to conduct the Orchester National de France.
Figure 6. Conductors 2002
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| Cristian Măcelaru (photo by wdr.de), Dmitry Kryukov (photo by meloman.ru), Alain Altinoglu (photo by hr-sinfonieorchester.de), Esa-Pekka Salonen (photo by npr.org) and Dimitris Botinis (photo by mariinsky-teatro.com) |
Category: Soloist(s)
This category included the performances of soloists who participated in at least three programs, 175 works presented by 49 soloists or members of small groups [Figure 7]. They were grouped by type of musical instrument or professional vocal ability, divided into 12 groups.
Figure 7. Soloist 2022
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Data from https://myloveformusicschedule.blogspot.com/ database |
The group of pianists was led (in number of performances) by Denis Matsuev (7), that of violinists by Patricia Kopatchinskaja (5), that of cellists by Gautier Capuçon, that of organists by Marina Omelchenko (6), that of sopranos by Johanna Wallroth (4), [Figure 8] the rest of the groups were made up of one or two members.
Figure 8. Soloist 2022
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| Data from https://myloveformusicschedule.blogspot.com/ database |
Category: Channel
In Image 9, the YouTube channels that carried out at least 3 broadcasts (live or recorded) were counted, it was obtained that 39 channels cover 56 percent of the total of 974 programmes. Some channels announce their programming every month, others a few months in advance and others a few days before the stream starts. I would like to mention again that the calendar does not include programmes that air on the same day they are scheduled or announced.
Figure 9. YouTube cannels 2002
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| Data from https://myloveformusicschedule.blogspot.com/ database |
Category: Type
In this research, the broadcasts have been classified as [1] Live, when the program is being performed at the moment; [2] Streaming when it is a recording (with or without publication date); and [3] Premiere is a recording that is published on the web for the first time. Live broadcasts accounted for 89 percent of the total, streaming 8 percent and premieres 1 percent [Figure 10]. In twenty programs the type of transmission was not indicated.
Figure 10. Type of broadcasts 2022
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| Data from https://myloveformusicschedule.blogspot.com/ database |
Broadcasts by country
During the analysis of broadcasts by country, 957 programmes from 19 countries were classified [Figure 11]; 80 percent was grouped in six countries: Russia 245; United Kingdom 193; Germany 115; France 86; Brazil 68 and United States 58. It should be noted that 17 programmes had an undetermined origin.
Figure 11. Broadcasts by country
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| Data from https://myloveformusicschedule.blogspot.com/ database |
Final considerations
The objective of this first section, of a descriptive nature, was to present the categories that make up each programme in numbers. The study period spanned from May 19 -blog's creation date- to December 31, 2022, which analyzed 974 broadcasts of music, commonly known in some countries as classical. The results indicate that Ludwig van Beethoven is the composer of choice for orchestras across the world, from symphonies to small group compositions played almost daily. As for the most performed works, Symphony no. 9 in E minor, op. 95 «From the New World» by Antonin Dvořák; Piano Concerto No. 2 in F Minor, Op. 21 by Frédéric Chopin; Symphony No. 2 in C Minor «Resurrection» by Gustav Mahler; and Cello Concerto in B minor Op.104 by Antonin Dvořák.
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| Illustration by Daniel Adel / Animation by photofunia.com |
- 💓 The orchestras with the most live broadcasts were Orquestra Sinfônica do Estado de São Paulo OSESP, Orquestra Sinfônica de Porto Alegre, and Safonov Academic Symphony Orchestra of the North-Caucasian State Philharmonic, named after V.I. Safonov. The YouTube channels with the most live streams were St Mary's Perivale 2, Wigmore Hall, and Moscow Conservatory TV. The countries with more than 100 broadcasts were Russia (245), United Kingdom (193) and Germany (115).
- 💓 The experience of listening to live music from different latitudes on the same day is undoubtedly a wonderful opportunity that music lovers greatly enjoy. Every day is unique, a box full of surprises, we maintain a deep desire to listen to «the programme» that motivates us to listen to it over and over again. Our constant search is to find the favorite programme of the day, the favorite programme of the month, the favorite programme of the year. Social media posts turn into romantic letters when it shares new programmes. We love music madly. We are very grateful to all those people (technicians, YouTube moderators, organizers, curators, musicologists, musicians, composers, directors) who make this beautiful path through life.
- 💓 If Clara Schumann had gotten the time machine, she probably would have been in awe of the power of «The Internet» and enjoy music from anywhere in the world, at any time, every day.
- 💓 In the next post -Analytical Section- the data will be processed to discover the influence and power of works, YouTube channels and orchestras in music broadcasts. If any of you have any suggestions, regarding a specific technique or statistical model, let me know through the blog or through a message on my social networks.
References
Ochoa-Cruz, C .(2022). My Love for Music (schedule). Blogger. https://myloveformusicschedule.blogspot.com/
P.S. Lots of love to all of you!!! 💓
Hi Claudia. Harry Armitage here. Like you I have watched many performances, some of them in a concert hall or recording studio, and mainly online. Disappointingly, out of all I watched in 2022, only 10% of the 673 performances were conducted by females. Equality in this area still has an awfully long way to go, and I suspect it may take another 10 to 20 years before the numbers equalise between males and females waving batons.
ReplyDeleteHello Harry!! :) I hope you are very well, Wow!! I would love to hear about the programmes you listened to last year, I'd really like to read your view on it.
DeleteOn the other hand, I also hope that the participation of women continues to rise, hopefully it will be a couple of decades and not centuries.
Susanna Mälkki conduced Bruckner's 4th and 8th symphonies in a beautiful way last year. WoW What a great conductor!! I also really like the style of Kristiina Poska and Marin Alsop. I would really like to hear them more often on YouTube.
Many greetings to Cath, have a great day!! :) :)
P.S. I also read that you studied violin for 4 years, Awesome!!! See you soon
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